مروری بر رفتار سد خاکی تحت حرکات زلزله

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و معماری، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 کارشناسی مهندسی عمران، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و معماری، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

چکیده

در این مقاله مروری، به بررسی رفتار سدخاکی تحت حرکات زلزله می پردازیم. سد های خاکی هنگامی که در معرض حرکت زمین لرزه قوی قرار می گیرند عملکرد رضایت بخشی دارند به طور معمول عملکرد آنها تقریبا به ماهیت خاک استفاده شده برای سازه مربوط است .بیشتر سد های خاکی خوب ساخته شده قادر به ارتعاش قابل توجه زلزله بدون اثرات زیان بارند. سد های ساخته شده از مواد رسی فشرده بر روی فوندانسیون های رسی یا سنگ بسترحرکت قوی زمین را تحمل کردند. در مقایسه خاکریز های قدیمی تر ساخته شده روی مواد شنی یا از ماسه ها یا سیلت ها با تراکم ناکار آمد و همچنین سد های باطله همگی تقریبا موارد مشخصی از شکست هارا نشان دادند که در اصل ناشی از قابلیت روانگرایی این مواد بود.بنابراین سدها یکی از انواع سازه های هیدرولیکی در این دوره محسوب می شوند و سدهای باطله پرخطرناکترین انواع سدهای خاکی می باشند. هر چه تجهیزات و وسایل دقیقتر و بادوام لازم در حین ساخت و بهره برداری از سد بکار گرفته شود، تغییر شکل کمتری در سد ایجاد شده و قابل کنترل تر می گردد. استفاده از دانش روز و بهره گیری از تجربیات ساخت و نگهداری از سد می تواند به مدیریت بهینه سد در حین ساخت و بهره برداری کمک شایانی بنماید. سد های خاکی در مقایسه با سدهای بتنی دارای انعطاف بهتری برای پذیرش بار دینامیکی ناشی از نیروی زلزله داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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